Isaac of Nineveh and the Ocean of Mercy
Hell as a Hospital Isaac of Nineveh and the Ocean of Mercy Abstract This paper explores the theology of Isaac of Nineveh (Isaac the Syrian) with particular focus on his understanding of divine justice, punishment, hell, and restoration. Against retributive and carceral models of divine judgment, Isaac presents a radically therapeutic vision: hell as a hospital , punishment as medicine , and divine fire as love experienced by the unhealed will . At the heart of his theology stands an image of God as an infinite Ocean of Mercy , within which no creature can ultimately be lost. This paper situates Isaac within the broader Christian mystical tradition, articulates his implicit doctrine of universal restoration, and examines the metaphysical, psychological, and ethical implications of treating judgment as healing rather than revenge. I. Introduction: Two Visions of Judgment Christian history contains two fundamentally different imaginations of judgment: Judgment as Prison ...